Insulin Lispro

Drug Information: Insulin Lispro

Insulin Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin analog used to control blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes mellitus. It is a synthetic form of human insulin that is modified to be absorbed more quickly from the injection site. This rapid onset of action makes it particularly useful for managing post-meal glucose spikes. Insulin Lispro begins working within 15 minutes, peaks in about 1 hour, and lasts for 2-4 hours. It is typically administered subcutaneously shortly before or after meals.

Category

Hormones – Insulin

Mechanism of Action

Insulin Lispro lowers blood glucose by stimulating peripheral glucose uptake, especially by skeletal muscle and fat, and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production. Like endogenous insulin, Insulin Lispro binds to insulin receptors on target cells. This binding initiates a cascade of intracellular events, including translocation of glucose transporter proteins (GLUT4) to the cell surface, facilitating glucose entry into the cell. Simultaneously, Insulin Lispro suppresses the liver’s ability to produce glucose through gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. It promotes the conversion of glucose into glycogen for storage and also increases the synthesis of fatty acids and proteins. The rapid onset and short duration of action of Insulin Lispro are due to its modified amino acid sequence, which minimizes self-association in subcutaneous tissue, leading to faster absorption into the bloodstream.

Clinical Uses

Insulin Lispro is primarily used to treat hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its rapid onset makes it particularly suitable for managing postprandial (after-meal) glucose excursions. It is often used in combination with longer-acting insulin to provide basal insulin coverage. Specific clinical scenarios where Insulin Lispro is beneficial include:

• Type 1 Diabetes: As part of a basal-bolus insulin regimen to cover mealtime insulin needs.
• Type 2 Diabetes: In patients who require insulin to achieve glycemic control, especially when oral medications are insufficient.
• Insulin Pump Therapy: Insulin Lispro is commonly used in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pumps due to its rapid and predictable action.
• Gestational Diabetes: For managing blood sugar levels during pregnancy.

Dosage

The dosage of Insulin Lispro is highly individualized and depends on factors such as blood glucose levels, carbohydrate intake, activity level, and the individual’s response to insulin. It is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dose.

Route of Administration: Subcutaneous injection or continuous subcutaneous infusion (insulin pump).

Typical Dosage Range:

• Adults: The initial dose is typically calculated based on body weight (e.g., 0.5 to 1 unit per kg per day), with adjustments made based on blood glucose monitoring. Bolus doses before meals are typically 0.05 to 0.15 units of insulin per gram of carbohydrate ingested.
• Pediatrics: Similar to adults, the dosage is individualized. Careful monitoring is required to prevent hypoglycemia.

Insulin Lispro should be injected 15 minutes before or immediately after starting a meal.

Indications

• Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (when insulin is required)
• Gestational Diabetes
• Management of postprandial hyperglycemia
• Use in insulin pump therapy for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes

Contraindications

• Hypoglycemia
• Hypersensitivity to Insulin Lispro or any of its excipients

FAQ

1. What is Insulin Lispro?

   Insulin Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin analog used to control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.

2. How does Insulin Lispro work?

   It lowers blood glucose by helping glucose move from the blood into cells and by stopping the liver from making more glucose.

3. When should I take Insulin Lispro?

   It’s usually taken 15 minutes before or right after starting a meal.

4. What are the common side effects of Insulin Lispro?

   The most common side effect is hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Other side effects can include injection site reactions, weight gain, and swelling.

5. What should I do if I experience hypoglycemia?

   Consume a fast-acting carbohydrate source like glucose tablets, juice, or regular soda. Check your blood sugar after 15 minutes, and repeat if necessary.

6. Can I mix Insulin Lispro with other insulins?

   Consult your healthcare provider. While it can be mixed with some longer-acting insulins, it’s crucial to follow their specific instructions.

7. How should I store Insulin Lispro?

   Unopened vials or pens should be stored in the refrigerator. Once opened, they can be stored at room temperature for a specific period (usually 28 days), as indicated by the manufacturer.

8. What factors can affect my Insulin Lispro dosage?

   Several factors, including diet, exercise, stress, illness, and other medications, can influence your insulin needs. Regular blood glucose monitoring and consultation with your healthcare provider are essential for dosage adjustments.