Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) Overview
Point-of-care testing (POCT) refers to medical diagnostic testing performed near the patient, providing rapid results and enabling immediate clinical decision-making. This lesson will cover key aspects of POCT, focusing on blood glucose, electrolytes, and coagulation testing.
- Introduction to POCT and its importance.
- Overview of blood glucose, electrolyte, and coagulation testing.
- Principles of operation and clinical applications.
- Quality control and safety considerations.
A. Blood Glucose Testing
Blood glucose testing is crucial for managing diabetes and identifying hypo- or hyperglycemia. POCT glucose meters provide rapid results using small blood samples.
- Principles of glucose meter operation (electrochemical, photometric).
- Procedure for performing a blood glucose test.
- Interpretation of glucose results and clinical significance.
- Factors affecting accuracy (temperature, humidity, hematocrit).
- Quality control procedures (control solutions, calibration).
B. Electrolyte Testing
Electrolyte imbalances can have significant clinical consequences. POCT electrolyte analyzers provide rapid measurement of key electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride.
- Principles of electrolyte measurement (ion-selective electrodes).
- Procedure for performing electrolyte testing using POCT devices.
- Interpretation of electrolyte results and clinical significance.
- Common electrolyte imbalances and their causes.
- Quality control and calibration procedures.
C. Coagulation Testing
POCT coagulation testing, such as prothrombin time (PT/INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), is crucial for managing anticoagulation therapy and assessing bleeding risk.
- Principles of coagulation testing (mechanical, optical).
- Procedure for performing PT/INR and aPTT testing using POCT devices.
- Interpretation of coagulation results and clinical significance.
- Factors affecting accuracy (anticoagulant therapy, hematocrit).
- Quality control and calibration procedures.
D. Quality Control and Safety
Maintaining accuracy and safety in POCT is paramount. Proper quality control and adherence to safety guidelines are essential.
- Importance of quality control in POCT.
- Use of control solutions and calibration materials.
- Regular maintenance and troubleshooting of POCT devices.
- Safety precautions (universal precautions, sharps handling).
- Documentation and record-keeping.
E. Hands-on Skills Practice
You will now practice performing POCT procedures.
- Practice blood glucose testing using a glucose meter.
- Practice electrolyte testing using a POCT electrolyte analyzer.
- Practice coagulation testing (PT/INR) using a POCT device.
- Properly document and interpret results.
- Perform quality control checks and troubleshoot common issues.
F. Assessment and Evaluation
We will assess your understanding and skills in POCT.
- Skills Checklist: Performance evaluation during hands-on practice.
- Direct Observation: Instructor observation of technique and problem-solving.
- Verbal Questioning: Checking understanding through questions and answers.
- Written Post-Test (Optional): Knowledge assessment of POCT principles and procedures.
- Participant Feedback: Gathering feedback for improvement.