Drug Information: Valsartan
Valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) used primarily to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), heart failure, and to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death following a heart attack. It works by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a substance in the body that causes blood vessels to narrow. This allows blood vessels to relax and widen, making it easier for the heart to pump and reducing blood pressure. Valsartan is often prescribed as a single agent or in combination with other medications to effectively manage cardiovascular conditions.
Category
Antihypertensive
Mechanism of Action
Valsartan is an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB). Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that plays a critical role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). This system regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. Angiotensin II binds to AT1 receptors located in various tissues, including blood vessels, the heart, and the kidneys. By selectively blocking the AT1 receptor, valsartan prevents angiotensin II from exerting its effects. This leads to vasodilation (widening of blood vessels), decreased aldosterone secretion (reducing sodium and water retention), and ultimately, a reduction in blood pressure. Unlike ACE inhibitors, ARBs like valsartan do not inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin, which may result in a lower incidence of cough, a common side effect of ACE inhibitors.
Clinical Uses
Valsartan is primarily used in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure), both alone and in combination with other antihypertensive medications. It is also indicated for the treatment of heart failure, particularly in patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors. Furthermore, valsartan is used to improve survival after a heart attack (myocardial infarction) in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction or heart failure. Its ability to reduce blood pressure and improve cardiac function makes it a valuable tool in managing various cardiovascular conditions. It can also be used in the management of diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage due to diabetes).
Dosage
Adults: For hypertension, the usual starting dose is 80 mg once daily, which may be increased to 160 mg or 320 mg daily depending on the patient’s response. For heart failure or post-myocardial infarction, the starting dose is typically 40 mg twice daily, titrated up to a target dose of 160 mg twice daily as tolerated.
Pediatrics (6 years and older): For hypertension, the starting dose is 1.3 mg/kg once daily (up to a maximum of 40 mg daily). The dose may be adjusted based on blood pressure response, up to a maximum of 2.7 mg/kg once daily (up to a maximum of 160 mg daily).
Route of Administration: Oral. Valsartan is available in tablet form. It can be taken with or without food.
Indications
* Hypertension (high blood pressure)
* Heart Failure
* Post-Myocardial Infarction (heart attack) with left ventricular dysfunction
* Diabetic Nephropathy
Contraindications
* Known hypersensitivity to valsartan or any of the excipients.
* Pregnancy (use in the second and third trimesters is particularly contraindicated due to the risk of fetal harm).
* Concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus.
FAQ
Q: What is valsartan used for?
A: Valsartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), heart failure, and to improve survival after a heart attack.
Q: How does valsartan work?
A: Valsartan blocks the action of angiotensin II, a substance that narrows blood vessels, allowing them to relax and widen, which lowers blood pressure.
Q: What are the common side effects of valsartan?
A: Common side effects may include dizziness, lightheadedness, fatigue, and diarrhea. Serious side effects are rare but can include kidney problems and high potassium levels.
Q: Can I take valsartan if I am pregnant?
A: No, valsartan should not be taken during pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters, as it can harm the fetus.
Q: Can I take valsartan with other blood pressure medications?
A: Valsartan is often prescribed with other blood pressure medications to improve blood pressure control. However, always consult your doctor or pharmacist before combining medications.
Q: How should I store valsartan?
A: Store valsartan at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
Q: What should I do if I miss a dose of valsartan?
A: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Q: Does valsartan have any interactions with food or alcohol?
A: Valsartan can be taken with or without food. Alcohol may increase the blood pressure-lowering effect of valsartan, so it’s best to consume alcohol in moderation or avoid it altogether.
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